@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp3211,
            	author={Li, Qi and Walsh, Patrick Paul and Whelan, Ciara},
            	title={Jobless Growth through Creative Destruction: Ireland’s Industrial Development Path 1972–2003},
            	year={2007},
	month={Dec},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={3211},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp3211},
	abstract={We document the nature of structural changes in employment to understand “jobless” growth in Irish Manufacturing in the aftermath of EEC/EU membership, 1972-2003. By 1972, forty years of protectionism and fifteen years of export promotion induced the coexistence of large exporting plants with import competing plants within 4-digit industries. During trade liberalisation we document persistent horizontal waves of creative destruction, a decline in traditional import competing plants and an expansion in exporting plants, within each sector. This coexisted with rapid vertical waves of creative destruction in small non-exporting plants which supported exporting growth through forward vertical linkages within each sector.},
	keywords={manufacturing employment;structural change;trade liberalisation},
            }