@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp2885,
            	author={Biewen, Martin and Fitzenberger, Bernd and Osikominu, Aderonke and Waller, Marie},
            	title={Which Program for Whom? Evidence on the Comparative Effectiveness of Public Sponsored Training Programs in Germany},
            	year={2007},
	month={Jun},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={2885},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp2885},
	abstract={We use a new and exceptionally rich administrative data set for Germany to evaluate the employment effects of a variety of public sponsored training programs in the early 2000s. Building on the work of Sianesi (2003, 2004), we employ propensity score matching methods in a dynamic, multiple treatment framework in order to address program heterogeneity and dynamic selection into programs. Our results suggest that in West Germany both short-term and medium-term programs show considerable employment effects for certain population subgroups but in some cases the effects are zero in the medium run. Short-term programs are surprisingly effective when compared to the traditional and more expensive longer-term programs. With a few exceptions, we find little evidence for significant positive treatment effects in East Germany. There is some evidence that the employment effects decline for older workers and for low-skilled workers.},
	keywords={administrative data;multiple treatments;dynamic treatment effects;local linear matching;evaluation;active labor market programs},
            }