%0 Report
        %A Woessmann, Ludger
        %T Fundamental Determinants of School Efficiency and Equity: German States as a Microcosm for OECD Countries
        %D 2007
        %8 2007 Jun
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 2880
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp2880
        %X Cross-country evidence on student achievement might be hampered by omitted country characteristics such as language or legal differences. This paper uses cross-state variation in Germany, whose sixteen states share the same language and legal system, but pursue different education policies. The same results found previously across countries hold within Germany: Higher mean student performance is associated with central exams, private school operation, and socio-economic background, but not with spending, while higher equality of opportunity is associated with reduced tracking. In a model that pools German states with OECD countries, these fundamental determinants do not differ significantly between the two samples.
        %K Germany
%K education production function
%K institutional effects in schooling
%K PISA
%K student performance