TY  - RPRT
        AU  - DeVoretz, Don J.
        TI  - Profiling at the Canadian Border: An Economist's Viewpoint
        PY  - 2006/Dec/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 2536
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp2536
        AB  - Scrutiny at the Canadian border to heighten security and simultaneously reduce type one (false positives) and type two (false negatives) errors involves a substantial use of resources as well as imposing opportunities costs in terms of time and trade diversion. One maligned strategy to minimize these costs at the border has been group or racial profiling. This essay develops a pedigree system for Canadian border security which simultaneously reduces both type I and II errors while avoiding racial or group profiling.
        KW  - immigrants
KW  - borders
KW  - security
        ER  -