@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp2275, author={Dohmen, Thomas and Falk, Armin and Huffman, David B. and Sunde, Uwe}, title={Seemingly Irrelevant Events Affect Economic Perceptions and Expectations: The FIFA World Cup 2006 as a Natural Experiment}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)}, address={Bonn}, type={IZA Discussion Paper}, number={2275}, url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp2275}, abstract={Prominent economic theories have emphasized the role of commonly held perceptions and expectations for determining macroeconomic outcomes. A key empirical question is how such collectively held beliefs are formed. We use the FIFA World Cup 2006 as a natural experiment. We provide direct evidence that seemingly irrelevant events (the outcomes of soccer matches) can systematically affect individual perceptions about economic prospects, both on a personal and economy-wide level.}, keywords={expectation formation;sunspots;soccer world cup;macroeconomic outcomes;psychology}, }