@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp2198, author={Konstantopoulos, Spyros}, title={Fixed and Mixed Effects Models in Meta-Analysis}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)}, address={Bonn}, type={IZA Discussion Paper}, number={2198}, url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp2198}, abstract={The last three decades the accumulation of quantitative research evidence has led to the development of systematic methods for combining information across samples of related studies. Although a few methods have been described for accumulating research evidence over time, meta-analysis is widely considered as the most appropriate statistical method for combining evidence across studies. This study reviews fixed and mixed effects models for univariate and multivariate meta-analysis. In addition, the study discusses specialized software that facilitates the statistical analysis of meta-analytic data.}, keywords={meta-analysis;multivariate analysis;mixed models}, }