@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp2169,
            	author={Clark, Andrew E. and Masclet, David and Villeval, Marie Claire},
            	title={Effort and Comparison Income: Experimental and Survey Evidence},
            	year={2006},
	month={Jun},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={2169},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp2169},
	abstract={This paper considers the effect of status or relative income on work effort combining experimental evidence from a gift-exchange game with ISSP survey data. We find a consistent negative effect of others’ incomes on individual effort in both datasets. The individual’s rank in the income distribution is a stronger determinant of effort than others’ average income, suggesting that comparisons are more ordinal than cardinal. We then show that effort is also affected by comparisons over time: those who received higher income offers or had higher income rank in the past exert lower levels of effort for a given current income and rank.

},
	keywords={comparison income;peak-end;experiments;rank;effort},
            }