@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp19039,
            	author={Naudé, Wim and Cameron, Martin},
            	title={The Portuguese Economy in the Doldrums: Can Exporting to the Global South Fill the Sails?},
            	year={2026},
	month={Oct},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={19039},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp19039},
	abstract={Portugal’s post-1960 growth was export-led, but the economy is now in the doldrums: GDP per capita has plateaued at roughly two-thirds of the EU average and merchandise export growth has slowed to its weakest sustained rate in six decades. Using an illustrative quality-threshold trade model, with non-homothetic demand and capability dependent costs, we show how an intermediate-capability country such as Portugal can fall into what we describe as an European market-concentration trap. The empirical record, covering six phases of Portuguese trade history from 1960, is consistent with this model. As a remedy, we propose that the country should revive exports as an engine of growth by diversifying their geographic destination, in particular to countries in the Global South. Applying an export Decision-Support Model (DSM) to CEPII-BACI trade data, we estimate significant untapped short-term export potential (around euro billion) for Portugal across a combination of 16 products to 8 markets in the Global South. Diversifying exports to markets where Portugal’s existing capability is a comparative advantage may generate revenue, scale and firm-level learning which would promote the country’s technological upgrading.},
	keywords={exports;trade;economic growth;Portugal},
            }