TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Makino, Yusuke
AU  - Yamaguchi, Shintaro
        TI  - The Reproduction of Managerial Styles in an Internal Labor Market
        PY  - 2026/Oct/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 19023
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp19023
        AB  - Why do managerial styles persist even when managers turn over? Using personnel records from a large Japanese manufacturer, we estimate manager fixed effects on subordinates’ overtime hours as a measure of managerial style. Before promotion, some managers worked under supervisors who demanded more overtime from their subordinates. These managers later tend to demand more overtime from their own subordinates, and our evidence supports the interpretation that managers learn styles from former supervisors. Moreover, the firm repeatedly assigns managers with similar styles to the same sections, sustaining section-level persistence. Together, these processes reproduce managerial styles within an internal labor market.
        KW  - manager effects
KW  - managerial style
KW  - internal labor markets
KW  - organizational persistence
KW  - working hours
        ER  -