TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Deriu, Letizia
AU  - Piazzalunga, Daniela
AU  - Tomasi, Chiara
        TI  - Mind the Gap: Gender Inequality in Europe’s Twin Transition
        PY  - 2026/Oct/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18987
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18987
        AB  - This paper examines gender disparities in the European labour market during the twin digital and green transitions. Using the European Skills and Jobs Survey matched with the ESCO occupational classification, it identifies digital and green occupations based on their skill content and analyses both access to these jobs and wage outcomes within them. 
Women are significantly less likely to work in digital and green occupations and, conditional on employment, face larger wage gaps than comparable men. They are also less likely to hold managerial positions and benefit less from STEM educational backgrounds, despite the positive returns associated with these qualifications. Finally, stronger regional STEM-oriented university environments are associated with smaller gender gaps in access to digital occupations and wages, suggesting that the twin transition may reinforce existing gender inequalities unless accompanied by targeted policies.
        KW  - gender disparities
KW  - gender wage gap
KW  - green jobs
KW  - digital jobs
KW  - STEM
KW  - labour market
        ER  -