TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Becker, Sascha O.
AU  - Fernandes, Ana
AU  - Lalayev, Nurlan
AU  - Weichselbaumer, Doris
        TI  - So Far Away? Hiring Discrimination against Female Commuters
        PY  - 2026/Sep/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18950
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18950
        AB  - We study gender differences in employers’ responses to commuting distance using data from a large-scale correspondence test in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. A 10 km increase in driving distance reduces women’s probability of receiving an interview invitation by 1.8 percentage points, around 9 percent of the mean female invitation rate, while commuting distance has no corresponding effect for men. The gender difference is statistically significant and robust to alternative distance measures and thresholds, firms’ rural or urban location, and local labor-market tightness. The female distance penalty does not vary detectably with applicants’ reported marital status or the presence of children, providing no support for screening based on these observed indicators of household responsibilities.
        KW  - gender discrimination
KW  - commuting
KW  - labor market
KW  - field experiment
KW  - Germany
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Austria
        ER  -