TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Nikolova, Milena
AU  - Angelini, Viola
        TI  - Technology and Retirement
        PY  - 2026/Sep/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18938
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18938
        AB  - As populations age, longer working careers become more essential, and technological advancements may prolong or shorten career spans. We examine how exposure to industrial robots, information and communication technology (ICT), and artificial intelligence (AI) relate to retirement expectations among workers in 20 European countries. To this end, we link individual-level data from the European Working Conditions Survey (2005–2024) with lagged technology-exposure measures. Technology exposure shows little systematic association with preferred retirement timing. Nevertheless, robots and especially AI are linked to the perception of being able to work until age 60. These associations vary across workers and tasks, suggesting that job design and worker adaptation determine whether technology supports longer working lives.
        KW  - retirement
KW  - expectations
KW  - technological change
KW  - robots
KW  - ICT
KW  - AI
        ER  -