TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Molina, Teresa
AU  - Tan, Cara
        TI  - Conditional Cash Transfers and the Geography of Intergenerational Education Mobility in the Philippines
        PY  - 2026/Sep/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18921
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18921
        AB  - Using population census data, this paper documents substantial variation in municipality-level measures of upward and relative education mobility across the Philippines. Regressions that control for a rich set of covariates leave one-fifth of the variation in upward mobility and two-thirds of the variation in relative mobility unexplained. To explore the extent to which these measures capture meaningful variation that can be changed by government policy, we exploit municipality-level variation in exposure to a national conditional cash transfer program. Exposure to the program significantly increased average municipality education and upward mobility but had no significant effects on relative mobility.
        KW  - intergenerational mobility
KW  - conditional cash transfers
KW  - education
KW  - Philippines
        ER  -