TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Makarski, Krzysztof
AU  - Tyrowicz, Joanna
AU  - Komada, Oliwia
        TI  - Progressing Towards Efficiency: The Role for Labor Tax Progression in Reforming Social Security
        PY  - 2026/Jul/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18810
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18810
        AB  - This paper studies the role for progressive labor income taxation in the context of social security reform. We propose a novel reform that replaces redistributive pensions with a contribution-based system while simultaneously increasing the progressivity of labor income taxation to preserve social insurance. Using a stylized model, we show that the benefit of such reform is derived from the Frisch elasticity of labor supply. For sufficiently high values, the reform can be fiscally neutral and Pareto-improving. We then evaluate the reform in a full general equilibrium model calibrated to the U.S. economy. Quantitative results on the efficiency-insurance trade-offs are in line with our theoretical predictions. In the steady-state, for plausible values of the Frisch elasticity, the fiscal space generated by increased labor supply is sufficient to compensate through lump-sum transfers the loss of pension-based insurance. These results carry over to transition dynamics: the reform yields a Pareto improvement along the transition path. Our findings highlight the potential for tax-based  redistribution to replace pension-based insurance.
        KW  - redistribution
KW  - labor income tax
KW  - social security reform
KW  - insurance
KW  - welfare effects
        ER  -