@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp18711,
            	author={Cook, Cody and Li, Pearl Z and Binder, Ariel J.},
            	title={Where to Build Affordable Housing? Evaluating the Tradeoffs of Location},
            	year={2026},
	month={Jun},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={18711},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18711},
	abstract={How does the location of affordable housing affect the distribution of assistance, tenant welfare, and segregation? Using administrative data, we first show that, despite fixed eligibility requirements, developments in higher-opportunity neighborhoods disproportionately house tenants who are higher-income, less likely to have children, and far less likely to be Black or Hispanic. We then build a structural model in which households choose from both market-rate and affordable housing options, where the latter must be rationed. For existing developments, the targeting of assistance is driven mainly by which eligible households apply, with developer screening playing a smaller role. Simulating new developments across neighborhoods, we find that building in higher-opportunity locations raises aggregate tenant welfare and reduces segregation, but primarily benefits more moderate-need and white households at the expense of higher-need and minority households. Policy levers available after construction, such as lowering income limits, have more limited effects than the initial choice of location.},
	keywords={affordable housing location;tenant welfare;residential segregation;targeting efficiency;structural estimation},
            }