@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp18529,
            	author={Gallen, Yana and Joensen, Juanna Schrøter and Johansen, Eva Rye and Veramendi, Gregory F.},
            	title={The Labor Market Returns to Delaying Pregnancy},
            	year={2026},
	month={Apr},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={18529},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18529},
	abstract={We study the labor market impact of unplanned pregnancy among women using long-acting reversible contraceptives to delay pregnancy.  While most women successfully delay, some have unplanned pregnancies, providing quasi-random variation in pregnancy timing.  Analyzing linked health and labor market data from Sweden, we find that unplanned pregnancies halt women’s career progression, resulting in income losses of 19% five years later.  We find similar effects of unplanned births among women using short-acting reversible contraceptives.  Using pregnancy as an instrument for birth in a dynamic treatment effect framework, effects of unplanned children are more detrimental for younger women and those enrolled in education.},
	keywords={labor market costs of motherhood;fertility;contraceptives;unplanned pregnancy},
            }