TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Campos, Nauro F.
AU  - Ginefra, Flavia
AU  - Martelli, Angelo
AU  - Terzi, Alessio
        TI  - Institutions and Climate Change
        PY  - 2026/Feb/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18424
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18424
        AB  - This paper reviews research across economics, political economy, political science, and public policy to investigate how institutions shape the adoption, implementation, and durability of climate policies. We examine how formal institutions (i) coordinate implementation capacity, (ii) anchor long-term commitments, and (iii) mediate distributional conflict. We also discuss how informal institutions, such as social norms and trust, further condition whether formal mechanisms translate into durable action. We distinguish quasi-experimental evidence from correlational and case-based findings, identifying where economic methods could further sharpen evidence, and conclude with a research agenda focused on institutional interdependencies and the conditions under which institutions can facilitate the adoption of effective and irreversible climate policies.
        KW  - climate change
KW  - institutions
KW  - political economy
KW  - climate governance
        ER  -