%0 Report
        %A Ásgeirsdottir, Tinna Laufey
%A Francesconi, Marco
%A Johannsdottir, Ásthildur M.
%A Zoega, Gylfi
        %T How Home Exams and Peers Affect College Grades in Unprecedented Times
        %D 2025
        %8 2025 Dec
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 18344
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18344
        %X Leveraging administrative data from the University of Iceland, which cover more than 60% of the undergraduate population in the country, we examine how home exams and peer networks shape grades around the COVID-19 crisis. Using difference-in-difference models with a rich set of fixed effects, we find that home exams taken during university closures raised grades by about 0.5 points (about 7%) relative to invigilated in-person exams outside the pandemic period. Access to a larger share of high-school peers leads to an average grade increase of up to two-fifths of a point, and exposure to higher-quality peers yielded additional, but smaller gains. Interactions between peer-network measures and the COVID/home-exam indicators are near zero, providing no evidence that peer networks amplified home-exam gains during the pandemic.
        %K networks
%K COVID-19
%K online education
%K academic performance
%K academic dishonesty
%K Iceland