TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Siminski, Peter
AU  - Wilkins, Roger
        TI  - Housing, Income Inequality and Progressivity of Taxes and Transfers
        PY  - 2025/Dec/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18303
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18303
        AB  - We examine the role of owner-occupied housing for income inequality. Departing from related work, we incorporate accrued capital gains, focus on long-run measures of income, and consider implications for tax progressivity. Using Australia as a case study, we show that housing income can have major implications for the apparent level and trends over time of inequality, progressivity of taxes and transfers, as well as the demographic profile of the rich and the poor. When imputed rent and accrued capital gains—neither of which are taxed—are included in the income base, the redistributive impact of income tax is reduced by 40%.
        KW  - tax progressivity
KW  - housing
KW  - inequality
        ER  -