TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Akan, Mert
AU  - Barrero, José María
AU  - Bloom, Nicholas
AU  - Bowen, Tom
AU  - Buckman, Shelby Rae
AU  - Davis, Steven J.
AU  - Kim, Hyoseul
        TI  - The New Geography of Labor Markets
        PY  - 2025/Nov/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18278
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18278
        AB  - We study where Americans live in relation to their employer’s worksite using matched employer-employee data, and how that relationship changes with the rise of work from home (WFH). Mean distance from home to employer’s worksite rose more than 70% between 2019 and 2024 in our dataset. Twelve percent of employees hired after March 2020 reside fifty or more miles from their employer by 2024, triple the pre-pandemic share. Distance to employer rose most for those in their 30s and 40s, among highly paid employees, and in Finance, Information, and Professional Services. Especially for the affluent, the pandemic-instigated rise in WFH initiated a multi-year pattern of net migration to areas with cheaper housing and states with lower tax rates. Finally, we show that distant employees exhibit more sensitivity to firm-level adjustments on hiring and separation margins. These developments have implications for residential location, state-level tax revenues, labor markets, and household welfare.
        KW  - worker migration
KW  - housing costs and relocation
KW  - taxes and relocation
KW  - hires and separations
KW  - distance to employer
KW  - remote jobs
KW  - work from home
KW  - geographic extent of labor markets
        ER  -