@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp18271,
            	author={Choi, Kyuhan and Shi, Ying and Zhu, Maria},
            	title={Student Disruptions and Teacher Turnover},
            	year={2025},
	month={Nov},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={18271},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18271},
	abstract={This paper examines how exposure to disruptive students affects teacher retention using linked teacher-student administrative records from North Carolina. To address non-random classroom assignment, we instrument for classroom exposure using the school-by-grade share of disruptive students based on prior-year disciplinary infractions. A one standard deviation increase in the share of disruptive students raises the probability of a teacher leaving the school in the following year by 1.6 percentage points. We do not find differential effects by teacher characteristics. However, working in a school environment with supportive leadership and greater teacher input into decision-making mitigates the impact of student disruptions.},
	keywords={student behavior;teacher turnover},
            }