TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Hoehn-Velasco, Lauren
AU  - Huang, Yu-Ting
AU  - Yusuff, Olanrewaju
        TI  - Public Payment Mandates and Provider Supply
        PY  - 2025/Sep/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 18149
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18149
        AB  - Public insurance reimbursement policies shape the structure and reach of healthcare markets. In this study, we examine the 1980 federal Medicaid mandate requiring states to reimburse Certified Nurse-Midwives, one of the first reforms targeting non-physician providers. We find the mandate increased midwife-attended deliveries by 1.1 percentage points, an 80% rise, adding about 1,100 midwife births annually per state by 1985. We also document a geographic expansion of midwife services into unserved areas and increased hospital employment, consistent with supply-side labor market responses. Our findings demonstrate that reimbursement mandates directly alter healthcare delivery by expanding provider use and reshaping the workforce.
        KW  - non-physician provider
KW  - public insurance
KW  - certified nurse-midwife
KW  - maternal health
KW  - Medicaid reimbursements
KW  - health insurance.
        ER  -