%0 Report
        %A Hoehn-Velasco, Lauren
%A Huang, Yu-Ting
%A Yusuff, Olanrewaju
        %T Public Payment Mandates and Provider Supply
        %D 2025
        %8 2025 Sep
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 18149
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18149
        %X Public insurance reimbursement policies shape the structure and reach of healthcare markets. In this study, we examine the 1980 federal Medicaid mandate requiring states to reimburse Certified Nurse-Midwives, one of the first reforms targeting non-physician providers. We find the mandate increased midwife-attended deliveries by 1.1 percentage points, an 80% rise, adding about 1,100 midwife births annually per state by 1985. We also document a geographic expansion of midwife services into unserved areas and increased hospital employment, consistent with supply-side labor market responses. Our findings demonstrate that reimbursement mandates directly alter healthcare delivery by expanding provider use and reshaping the workforce.
        %K non-physician provider
%K public insurance
%K certified nurse-midwife
%K maternal health
%K Medicaid reimbursements
%K health insurance.