@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp18149,
            	author={Hoehn-Velasco, Lauren and Huang, Yu-Ting and Yusuff, Olanrewaju},
            	title={Public Payment Mandates and Provider Supply},
            	year={2025},
	month={Sep},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={18149},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp18149},
	abstract={Public insurance reimbursement policies shape the structure and reach of healthcare markets. In this study, we examine the 1980 federal Medicaid mandate requiring states to reimburse Certified Nurse-Midwives, one of the first reforms targeting non-physician providers. We find the mandate increased midwife-attended deliveries by 1.1 percentage points, an 80% rise, adding about 1,100 midwife births annually per state by 1985. We also document a geographic expansion of midwife services into unserved areas and increased hospital employment, consistent with supply-side labor market responses. Our findings demonstrate that reimbursement mandates directly alter healthcare delivery by expanding provider use and reshaping the workforce.},
	keywords={non-physician provider;public insurance;certified nurse-midwife;maternal health;Medicaid reimbursements;health insurance.},
            }