@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp17996,
            	author={Königs, Sebastian and Terrero-Dávila, Javier},
            	title={Who Climbs the Income Ladder? Cross-Country Evidence on Income Mobility from Tax Record Data},
            	year={2025},
	month={Jul},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={17996},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp17996},
	abstract={Income shocks and limited upward mobility can undermine people’s well-being and economic prospects. Most cross-country studies on income mobility over people’s lives rely on survey data, but small samples limit detailed analysis by socio-demographic group or segment of the distribution. This paper presents first results of an OECD initiative collecting and harmonising administrative microdata to study income dynamics across countries. Applying rank-rank methods, it measures relative mobility in disposable incomes over five years for working-age people in Austria, Belgium, Canada and Estonia. The paper shows that: i) income persistence is strongest at the bottom and top of the distribution; ii) young people experience larger shifts in income ranks, though not always greater upward mobility; iii) women experience weaker upward mobility than men, particularly in the bottom half of the distribution; and iv) people with tertiary education move up the income ladder, at the expense of those with lower education.},
	keywords={administrative microdata;income mobility;income distribution},
            }