TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Kendzia, Michael Jan
AU  - Neville, Tomas
AU  - Gadgil, Maya
        TI  - Built, Not Born: How Education Predicts Billionaire Wealth
        PY  - 2025/Jul/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 17994
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp17994
        AB  - This study investigates the key drivers behind the wealth accumulation of America’s 100 richest self-made billionaires, using data from the Forbes 400 list. Focusing on five individual and contextual factors—education, innovation, networks, inheritance, and geographic origins—the research applies regression analysis to evaluate the statistical significance and predictive power of each. The results show that education, especially from elite institutions, is a strong and consistent predictor of wealth. Innovation, measured by patents and entrepreneurial activity, shows the strongest correlation, emphasizing its centrality in modern wealth creation. Networks—both personal and professional—also play a crucial role, though they interact with other variables. In contrast, inheritance and geographic origins, while influential, exhibit weaker statistical associations. Notably, 89% of the cohort received little or no family funding, underscoring the importance of individual agency and external investment. The findings challenge assumptions about inherited wealth and highlight the role of human capital, innovation ecosystems, and urban opportunity structures in financial success.
        KW  - education and innovation
KW  - entrepreneurship
KW  - wealth accumulation
KW  - social mobility
KW  - economic mobility
        ER  -