TY  - RPRT
        AU  - O'Connor, Kelsey J.
        TI  - The Well-Being Costs of Immigration in Europe
        PY  - 2025/Mar/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 17816
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp17816
        AB  - The immigrant population increased by 32 million in 37 European countries from 1990-2019. Much of this movement was internal, from east to west Europe. Although both the destination and origin countries could be affected, we find no effects on aggregate subjective well-being in either group, using country-panel and instrumental variable techniques. Immigrants, in contrast, experienced increased well-being, converted to monetary terms, in excess of £25,000 per person. We offer more comprehensive evidence than previous studies, in terms of country and period, and by assessing the impacts on subjective well-being, which captures all of the important factors affected by immigration.
        KW  - life satisfaction
KW  - migrants
KW  - emigration
KW  - immigration
KW  - subjective well-being
KW  - Europe
        ER  -