@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp17816,
            	author={O'Connor, Kelsey J.},
            	title={The Well-Being Costs of Immigration in Europe},
            	year={2025},
	month={Mar},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={17816},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp17816},
	abstract={The immigrant population increased by 32 million in 37 European countries from 1990-2019. Much of this movement was internal, from east to west Europe. Although both the destination and origin countries could be affected, we find no effects on aggregate subjective well-being in either group, using country-panel and instrumental variable techniques. Immigrants, in contrast, experienced increased well-being, converted to monetary terms, in excess of £25,000 per person. We offer more comprehensive evidence than previous studies, in terms of country and period, and by assessing the impacts on subjective well-being, which captures all of the important factors affected by immigration.},
	keywords={life satisfaction;migrants;emigration;immigration;subjective well-being;Europe},
            }