TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Campos, Francisco
AU  - Frese, Michael
AU  - Iacovone, Leonardo
AU  - Johnson, Hillary C.
AU  - McKenzie, David
AU  - Mensmann, Mona
        TI  - Long-Term and Lasting Impacts of Personal Initiative Training on Entrepreneurial Success
        PY  - 2025/Feb/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 17672
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp17672
        AB  - A randomized experiment in Togo found that personal initiative training for small businesses resulted in large and significant impacts for both men and women after two years. We revisit these entrepreneurs after seven years, and find long-lasting average impacts of personal initiative training of $91 higher profits per month, which is larger than the 2-year impacts. However, these long-term impacts are very different for men and women: the impact for men grows over time as they accumulate more capital and increase self-efficacy, whereas the impact for women is flat or declines, and capital build-up is much more limited.
        KW  - microentrepreneurship
KW  - business training
KW  - personal initiative
KW  - firm growth
        ER  -