TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Pereira, Leila
AU  - Pucci, Rafael
AU  - Soares, Rodrigo R.
        TI  - Landing on Water: Air Interdiction, Drug-Trafficking Displacement, and Violence in the Brazilian Amazon
        PY  - 2024/Oct/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 17425
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp17425
        AB  - We study a Force-down/Shoot-down intervention in Brazil that led cocaine traffickers to shift from air to river routes. Using data on cocaine production, homicides, and the network of rivers in the Amazon, we provide evidence that violence increased in municipalities along river routes originating from Andean producing countries after the policy. We also show that, during the same period, violence in these municipalities became more responsive to cocaine production in origin countries. We document an instance of crime displacement over the three-dimensional space, involving sophisticated adaptations from criminals regarding transportation technologies, with dramatic side-effects for local populations.
        KW  - cocaine
KW  - illegal markets
KW  - crime displacement
KW  - violence
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Amazon
        ER  -