%0 Report
        %A Liu, Kelly J.
%A Stutzer, Alois
        %T The Role of Social Mobility Experience in Zero-Sum Beliefs
        %D 2024
        %8 2024 Oct
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 17407
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp17407
        %X In today's world where growth and capital accumulation are the norm, many people still adhere to zero-sum thinking, the belief that gains for one party can only come at the expense of another party. The perception of economic exchange as zero-sum can lead to excessive competition and uncooperative behavior. We investigate social mobility as a driver of zero-sum beliefs by leveraging worldwide survey data and recently published data on intergenerational educational mobility. We find that a higher probability of experienced downward mobility in an individual's cohort and education group is associated with increased zero-sum beliefs. Consistent with gender-specific status concerns, experienced downward mobility only strengthens zero-sum beliefs for men.
        %K zero-sum
%K social mobility
%K intergenerational mobility
%K belief formation
%K gender norms