TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Björklund, Anders
AU  - Lindahl, Mikael
AU  - Plug, Erik
        TI  - The Origins of Intergenerational Associations: Lessons from Swedish Adoption Data
        PY  - 2005/Sep/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 1739
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp1739
        AB  - We use unique Swedish data to estimate intergenerational associations between adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents. We argue that the impact from biological parents captures broad pre-birth factors, including genes and prenatal environment, and the impact from adoptive parents represents broad post-birth factors, such as childhood environment, for the intergenerational association in education and income. We find that both pre- and post-birth factors contribute to intergenerational transmissions, and that pre-birth factors are more important for mother's education and less important for father's income. We also find some evidence for a positive interaction effect between post-birth environment and pre-birth factors.
        KW  - adoption data
KW  - nature and nurture
KW  - income
KW  - intergenerational mobility
KW  - education
        ER  -