TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Gendre, Alexandra de
AU  - Karbownik, Krzysztof
AU  - Salamanca, Nicolás
AU  - Zenou, Yves
        TI  - Integrating Minorities in the Classroom: The Role of Students, Parents, and Teachers
        PY  - 2024/Apr/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 16969
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16969
        AB  - We develop a multi-agent model of the education production function where investments of students, parents, and teachers are linked to the presence of minorities in the classroom. We then test the key implications of this model using rich survey data and a mandate to randomly assign students to classrooms. Consistent with our model, we show that exposure to minority peers decreases student effort, parental investments, and teacher engagement and it results in lower student test scores. Observables correlated with minority status explain less than a third of the reduced-form test score effect while over a third can be descriptively attributed to endogenous responses of the agents.
        KW  - minorities
KW  - indigenous students
KW  - peer effects
KW  - student effort
KW  - parental investments
KW  - teachers
        ER  -