TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Bonsang, Eric
AU  - Costa-Font, Joan
        TI  - The "Demise of the Caregiving Daughter"? Gender Employment Gaps and the Use of Formal and Informal Care in Europe
        PY  - 2023/Nov/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 16615
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16615
        AB  - We revisit the universality of the "caregiving daughter effect", which holds that daughters tend to provide more care to their older parents than sons. Based on rich European data, we document evidence of such an effect in countries with large gender disparities in employment rates, where having daughters also depresses the demand for formal care. In contrast, we find evidence consistent with the "demise of the caregiving daughter" when exposed to narrower gender gaps, where there is no more daughters' effect on formal care. These results point to a reconsideration of caregiving system design amidst the rise of female employment.
        KW  - informal care
KW  - formal care
KW  - daughters
KW  - caregiving daughter effect
KW  - gender employment gap
KW  - Europe
KW  - care substitution
KW  - social norms
        ER  -