@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp16499,
            	author={Doorley, Karina and Gromadzki, Jan and Lewandowski, Piotr and Tuda, Dora and Kerm, Philippe Van},
            	title={Automation and Income Inequality in Europe},
            	year={2023},
	month={Oct},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={16499},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16499},
	abstract={We study the effects of robot penetration on household income inequality in 14 European countries between 2006–2018, a period marked by the rapid adoption of industrial robots. Automation reduced relative hourly wages and employment of more exposed demographic groups, similarly to the results for the United States. Using robot-driven wage and employment shocks as input to the EUROMOD microsimulation model, we find that automation had minor effects on income inequality. Household labour income diversification and tax and welfare policies largely absorbed labour market shocks caused by automation. Transfers played a key role in cushioning the transmission of these shocks to household incomes.},
	keywords={robots;automation;tasks;income inequality;wage inequality;microsimulation},
            }