@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp16423,
            	author={Acton, Riley and Khafaji-King, Jo Al and Smith, Austin C.},
            	title={Suspended from Work and School? Impacts of Layoff Events and Unemployment Insurance on Student Disciplinary Incidence},
            	year={2023},
	month={Sep},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={16423},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16423},
	abstract={We examine the impact of local labor market shocks and state unemployment insurance (UI) policies on student discipline in U.S. public schools. Analyzing school-level discipline data and firm-level layoffs in 23 states, we find that layoffs have little effect on discipline rates overall. However, effects differ across the UI benefit distribution. At the lowest benefit level ($265/week), a mass layoff increases out-of-school suspensions by 4.5%, with effects dissipating as UI benefits increase. Effects are consistently largest for Black students - especially in predominantly White schools - resulting in increased racial disproportionality in school discipline following layoffs in low-UI states.
},
	keywords={school discipline;layoffs;unemployment insurance},
            }