TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Bauer, Anahid
AU  - Guerrico, Sofía Fernández
        TI  - Effects of E-commerce on Local Labor Markets
        PY  - 2023/Jul/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 16345
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16345
        AB  - This paper studies the effect of e-commerce on local labor markets. We exploit cross-market variation in e-commerce price advantage stemming from the enactment of the Amazon Tax-state-level legislation that mandates state sales taxes collection to out-of-state online retailers. Introducing out-of-state sales taxes lowered employment and reduced wages in transportation and warehousing, industries complementary to e-commerce. Within the in-state retail sector, the decline in brick-and-mortar employment is somewhat offset by an increase in employment in warehouse clubs and supercenters. Our results are consistent with a general equilibrium model in which consumers substitute e-commerce for big-box purchases, crowding out brick-and-mortar retail.
        KW  - e-commerce
KW  - retail
KW  - employment
KW  - Amazon Tax
        ER  -