@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp16345,
            	author={Bauer, Anahid and Guerrico, Sofía Fernández},
            	title={Effects of E-commerce on Local Labor Markets},
            	year={2023},
	month={Jul},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={16345},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16345},
	abstract={This paper studies the effect of e-commerce on local labor markets. We exploit cross-market variation in e-commerce price advantage stemming from the enactment of the Amazon Tax-state-level legislation that mandates state sales taxes collection to out-of-state online retailers. Introducing out-of-state sales taxes lowered employment and reduced wages in transportation and warehousing, industries complementary to e-commerce. Within the in-state retail sector, the decline in brick-and-mortar employment is somewhat offset by an increase in employment in warehouse clubs and supercenters. Our results are consistent with a general equilibrium model in which consumers substitute e-commerce for big-box purchases, crowding out brick-and-mortar retail.},
	keywords={e-commerce;retail;employment;Amazon Tax},
            }