TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Piasenti, Stefano
AU  - Valente, Marica
AU  - Veldhuizen, Roel van
AU  - Pfeifer, Gregor
        TI  - Does Unfairness Hurt Women? The Effects of Losing Unfair Competitions
        PY  - 2023/Jul/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 16324
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16324
        AB  - How do men and women differ in their persistence after experiencing failure in a competitive environment? We tackle this question by combining a large online experiment (N=2,086) with machine learning. We find that when losing is unequivocally due to merit, both men and women exhibit a significant decrease in subsequent tournament entry. However, when the prior tournament is unfair, i.e., a loss is no longer necessarily based on merit, women are more discouraged than men. These results suggest that transparent meritocratic criteria may play a key role in preventing women from falling behind after experiencing a loss.
        KW  - competitiveness
KW  - gender
KW  - fairness
KW  - machine learning
KW  - online experiment
        ER  -