%0 Report
        %A Piasenti, Stefano
%A Valente, Marica
%A Veldhuizen, Roel van
%A Pfeifer, Gregor
        %T Does Unfairness Hurt Women? The Effects of Losing Unfair Competitions
        %D 2023
        %8 2023 Jul
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 16324
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16324
        %X How do men and women differ in their persistence after experiencing failure in a competitive environment? We tackle this question by combining a large online experiment (N=2,086) with machine learning. We find that when losing is unequivocally due to merit, both men and women exhibit a significant decrease in subsequent tournament entry. However, when the prior tournament is unfair, i.e., a loss is no longer necessarily based on merit, women are more discouraged than men. These results suggest that transparent meritocratic criteria may play a key role in preventing women from falling behind after experiencing a loss.
        %K competitiveness
%K gender
%K fairness
%K machine learning
%K online experiment