TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Boockmann, Bernhard
AU  - Kroczek, Martin
AU  - Laub, Natalie
        TI  - Tightening Access to Early Retirement: Who Can Adapt?
        PY  - 2023/Jul/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 16292
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16292
        AB  - We study heterogeneity in the effects of two pension reforms in Germany that closed pathways into early retirement: the abolition of an old-age pension scheme for women and the abolition of a pension after unemployment or part-time work. We focus on heterogeneity with respect to several occupational characteristics. Both reforms had significant effects on individual employment states, and in both cases the effects differ significantly by occupation. The positive effect on employment is smaller in occupations with higher job strain and, in case of the old-age pension for women, the effect on unemployment is larger. The effects also differ by occupational tasks, PC use and the introduction of new technologies.
        KW  - pension reforms
KW  - effect heterogeneity
KW  - occupational demands
KW  - occupational tasks
        ER  -