@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp16189,
            	author={Brueckner, Jan K. and Kahn, Matthew E. and Nickelsburg, Jerry},
            	title={How Do Airlines Cut Fuel Usage, Reducing Their Carbon Emissions?},
            	year={2023},
	month={May},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={16189},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16189},
	abstract={Airline fuel consumption is costly for the firms and for society as well due to a climate-change externality. We study how fuel price changes affect cost-minimizing choices by airlines that have implications for the extent of this externality. The airline industry's capital stock can be easily inventoried as a set of long-lived, durable aircraft. This portfolio approach allows us to study the utilization and composition of the capital stock at a highly disaggregated level. Changes in airline operations directed toward conserving fuel can be an important path toward lower emissions.},
	keywords={carbon dioxide emissions;energy conservation;airline fuel consumption},
            }