TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Chuan, Amanda
AU  - Zhang, Weilong
        TI  - Non-college Occupations, Workplace Routinization, and the Gender Gap in College Enrollment
        PY  - 2023/Apr/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 16089
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16089
        AB  - This paper explores how non-college occupations contributed to the gender gap in college enrollment, where women overtook men in college-going. Using instrumental variation from routinization, we show that the decline of routine-intensive occupations displaced the non-college occupations of women, raising female enrollment. Embedding this instrumental variation into a dynamic Roy model, we find that routinization decreased returns to the non-college occupations of women, increasing their college premium. In contrast, men's non-college occupations were less susceptible to routinization. Our model estimates that workplace routinization accounted for 44% of the growth in female enrollment during 1980-2000.
        KW  - occupations
KW  - human capital
KW  - college enrollment
KW  - gender
KW  - automation
        ER  -