@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp16089,
            	author={Chuan, Amanda and Zhang, Weilong},
            	title={Non-college Occupations, Workplace Routinization, and the Gender Gap in College Enrollment},
            	year={2023},
	month={Apr},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={16089},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16089},
	abstract={This paper explores how non-college occupations contributed to the gender gap in college enrollment, where women overtook men in college-going. Using instrumental variation from routinization, we show that the decline of routine-intensive occupations displaced the non-college occupations of women, raising female enrollment. Embedding this instrumental variation into a dynamic Roy model, we find that routinization decreased returns to the non-college occupations of women, increasing their college premium. In contrast, men's non-college occupations were less susceptible to routinization. Our model estimates that workplace routinization accounted for 44% of the growth in female enrollment during 1980-2000.},
	keywords={occupations;human capital;college enrollment;gender;automation},
            }