%0 Report
        %A Riudavets-Barcons, Marc
%A Uusitalo, Roope
        %T School Closures and Student Achievement: Evidence from a High Stakes Exam
        %D 2023
        %8 2023 Apr
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 16074
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16074
        %X We study the effect of school closures and the transition from on-site to on-line teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Finnish upper secondary schools. To identify the effects we exploit variation in the length of school closure periods across schools between autumn 2020 and spring 2021. Using a difference-in-difference design, we show that the students who studied on-line for longer periods performed equally well in the Matriculation exam at the end of upper-secondary education than the students who experienced shorter school closures. Moreover, we show that inequalities across Finnish students from different socioeconomic backgrounds did not exacerbate during this period. 
        %K test scores
%K online teaching
%K school closures
%K COVID-19