@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp16074,
            	author={Riudavets-Barcons, Marc and Uusitalo, Roope},
            	title={School Closures and Student Achievement: Evidence from a High Stakes Exam},
            	year={2023},
	month={Apr},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={16074},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16074},
	abstract={We study the effect of school closures and the transition from on-site to on-line teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Finnish upper secondary schools. To identify the effects we exploit variation in the length of school closure periods across schools between autumn 2020 and spring 2021. Using a difference-in-difference design, we show that the students who studied on-line for longer periods performed equally well in the Matriculation exam at the end of upper-secondary education than the students who experienced shorter school closures. Moreover, we show that inequalities across Finnish students from different socioeconomic backgrounds did not exacerbate during this period. },
	keywords={test scores;online teaching;school closures;COVID-19},
            }