TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Kim, Jinyoung
AU  - Kwak, Eunhye
        TI  - Long-Term Effects of Recession on Parenthood Gender Inequality
        PY  - 2023/Apr/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 16055
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16055
        AB  - This study identifies a new mechanism to account for the persistent gender differences in earnings after childbirth. Aside from women's voluntary wage cuts in pursuit of family-friendly job amenities, we claim that adverse labor market conditions at the time of childbearing widen the gender gap among parents. Employing the instrumental variable (IV) method against a large cross-sectional dataset from the US, we find that giving birth during a recession reduces mothers' earnings, whereas fathers remain mostly unaffected. The asymmetric impact of a recession at the time of childbirth persists for a long time and accounts for 30–40 percent of the after-childbirth gender gap in earnings. Unintended impacts of recession on parenthood gender gap leaves room for government intervention on women's career breaks.
        KW  - gender gap
KW  - recession
KW  - long-term effects
KW  - fertility
KW  - child penalty
        ER  -