%0 Report
        %A Kim, Jinyoung
%A Kwak, Eunhye
        %T Long-Term Effects of Recession on Parenthood Gender Inequality
        %D 2023
        %8 2023 Apr
        %I Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        %C Bonn
        %7 IZA Discussion Paper
        %N 16055
        %U https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16055
        %X This study identifies a new mechanism to account for the persistent gender differences in earnings after childbirth. Aside from women's voluntary wage cuts in pursuit of family-friendly job amenities, we claim that adverse labor market conditions at the time of childbearing widen the gender gap among parents. Employing the instrumental variable (IV) method against a large cross-sectional dataset from the US, we find that giving birth during a recession reduces mothers' earnings, whereas fathers remain mostly unaffected. The asymmetric impact of a recession at the time of childbirth persists for a long time and accounts for 30–40 percent of the after-childbirth gender gap in earnings. Unintended impacts of recession on parenthood gender gap leaves room for government intervention on women's career breaks.
        %K gender gap
%K recession
%K long-term effects
%K fertility
%K child penalty