TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Danzer, Alexander M.
AU  - Danzer, Natalia
AU  - Feuerbaum, Carsten
        TI  - Military Spending and Innovation: Learning from 19th Century World Fair Exhibition Data
        PY  - 2023/Mar/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 16034
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp16034
        AB  - We provide quantitative evidence on the relationship between military spending and innovation in the 19th century. Combining innovation data from world fairs and historical military data across Europe, we show that national military spending is associated with national innovation towards war logistics such as food processing, but less towards war technology such as guns. This pattern reflects differences in the historical markets for war supplies. European patent data of 1990-2015 suggest a long-term correlation between historical and con- temporaneous innovation patterns.
        KW  - food processing
KW  - war logistics
KW  - innovation
KW  - military spending
KW  - military supply
KW  - 19th century
        ER  -