TY  - RPRT
        AU  - Cardullo, Gabriele
AU  - Conti, Maurizio
AU  - Ricci, Andrea
AU  - Scicchitano, Sergio
AU  - Sulis, Giovanni
        TI  - On the Emergence of Cooperative Industrial and Labor Relations
        PY  - 2023/Jan/
        PB  - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
        CY  - Bonn
        T2  - IZA Discussion Paper
        IS  - 15898
        UR  - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp15898
        AB  - We explore the long run determinants of current differences in the degree of cooperative labor relations at local level. We do this by estimating the causal effect of the medieval communes - that were established in certain cities in Centre-Northern Italy towards the end of the 11th century - and that contributed to the emergence of a cooperative attitude in the population on various proxies for current cooperative labor relations. Conditional on a large set of firm and municipality level controls, as well as a full set of province fixed effects, we find that firms located in municipalities that had been a free medieval commune in the past, have higher current probabilities to adopt two-tier bargaining structures and to be unionized. We also report IV and propensity score estimates that confirm our main results.
        KW  - unions
KW  - two-tier bargaining
KW  - industrial relations
KW  - cooperation
KW  - persistence
        ER  -